Participle

Playing  (Noun)+HV (खेलना)

Playing  (Adjective)+Noun (खेल रहे) e.i. burning train, sleeping cat, barking dog

Playing. (Main Verb)+Full Stop (खेलते हुए)

Playing  (Double Action (At One time) खेलते, खेलते+)

Playing (Double Action (One by One)लेटने के साथ पढ़ना

Playing  (Adverb)                  (खेल रहा है)                

Use of Present Participle

Present Participle (Noun)  (खेलना) Gerund

=> Playing+is useful.(St) (Noun+Verb)

=> Seeing+is believing (Act.Cont.)

=> Walking+is an exercise.(St.n)

=> Speaking+is an art.(St.n)

Present Participle  (Adj.). (खेलता हुआ +Noun)

=> Don't try to catch a running train.(Adjective+Noun)

=> I saw a sleeping cat.

=> He gave an inspiring speech

=> I saw a burning train.

Present Participle (Verb or Adjective)

=> I have seen a running train.(Adj)

=> I have seen a train, running. (Verb)

=> I saw a sleeping cat. (Adj.)

=> I saw a cat sleeping., (Verb)

=> I have seen a burning train.(Adj)

=> I have seen a train burning. (Verb)

Present Participle (Adverb)

[S+V+Present Participle]

=> He came running* (P.Adv.)

=> He went away weeping(P.Adv.)

=> He died eating (P.Adv.)

=> He fell down dancing. (P.Adv.)

=> He wrote clearly.(Simple Adv.)

=> He is running slowly.(Simple Adv.)

=> He is speaking loudly. (Simple Adv.)

=> It was raining intermittently.Simple Adv.)

Present Participle (Double Action at One Time)

=> While lying on the bed, he was watching TV.

=> While sitting on the chair, he was reading a novel.

=> While going home, he bought vegetables.

=> While talking to me, he had told me all the secrets.

Present Participle (Double Action one by one)

=> Opening (V) the box, he took out (V) the gun.

=> Sitting on the chair, he started singing.

=> Looking at me, he began to smile.

=> Raising his hand, he told me to come.

=> Going to market. I have seen him.

Test:

The Use of Past Participle*

Past Participle:

Written, Eaten, gone, etc.

Present Participle:

Writing, Eating, Going, etc.

Present Perfect Participle:

Has/Have+V3

(Verb modified in Adjective=Past Participle)

He is annoyed.(रूठा हुआ है) Adj.

She is tired.(थका हुआ है)

The page is torn.(फटा हुआ है) Adj.

The wood is burnt.(जला हुआ है)

The mirror is broken.(टूटा हुआ है)

She is married.(शादीशुदा है)

I'm educated. (पढ़ा लिखा है)

A pen is fallen.(गिरा हुआ ह

His career is spoiled. (बर्बाद है)

The food is eaten खाया हुआ है]

(Mix Participle)

Everything is scattered. (बिखरा हूआ है)

A monkey is hanging from the tree.

A child is sleeping (सो रहा है) in the room.)Pr.PP)

The forest is burning (जल रहा हैं)

He is lying (लेटा हुआ हैon the bed. (Present

She is sitting (बैठा हूँFin the corner.

Perfect Participle in English Grammar

पूछे जाने पर / हारे जाने पर / काम खत्म करके / गिरफ्तार होने परर

Having + V3 + Sentence

*Having finished my work, I went home.

काम खत्म करने पर (के बाद), मैं घर चला गया।

*Having reached home, I had a bath.

घर पहुंचने पर (के बाद), मैंने स्नान किया (one Noun)

*Having had my breakfast, I went to office.

अपना नाश्ता करने पर (के बाद), मैं आफिस चला गया।

*Having learnt the computer, he is doing a job.

कंप्यूटर सीखने पर (के बाद), वह नौकरी कर रहा है ।

*Having typed the letter, he posted it.

लेटर टाइप करने पर (के बाद), उसने वह पोस्ट कर दिया।

Having been + V3 + Sentence (Passive Voice)

*Having been defeated, he ran away.

हारे जाने पर, वह दौड़ गया।

*Having been beaten up, he started crying.

पीटे जाने पर, उसने रोना शुरू कर दिया।

*Having been asked, he replied.

पूछे जाने पर, उसने जवाब दिया।

*Having been invited, he declined.

निमंत्रण दिए जाने पर, उसने अस्वीकार किया।

*Having been arrested, he confessed his crime.

गिरफ्तार किए जाने पर , उसने अपना अपराध स्वीकार लिया।

Having been asked, he declined to tell

Being + V3 + Sentence

*Being defeated, he ran away.

हार होने पर वह भाग खड़ा हुआ।

*Being beaten up, he started crying.

पीटाई होने पर उसने रोना शुरू कर दिया।

*Being asked, he replied.

पूछताछ होने पर उसने जवाब दिया।

*Being Invited, he declined.

आमन्त्रित होने पर उसने अस्वीकार कर दिया।

*Being arrested, he confessed his crime.

गिरफ्तार होने पर उसने अपना जुर्म स्वीकार किया।

Noun + Having + V3 + Sentence

*The Sun having risen, The birds began to fly.

सूरज उगने पर चिड़ियाँ उड़ने लगी। (2 Noun 2 Verb)

*The Sun having risen, The fog disappeared.

सूरज उगने पर फोग गायब हो गया।

*The Night having come, All went to bed.

रात आने पर सभी सोने को चले गए

The ghost having appeared, All fled away.

भूत दिखने पर सभी  भाग गए।

*The father having come, The Son started studying.

पिता के आने पर, बेटा पढ़ाई शुरु की