1. He put on his pants and went to see deer.
He met many sheep on the way.
(उसने अपनी पैंट पहनी और हिरण को देखने चला गया। रास्ते में उसकी मुलाकात कई भेड़ों से हुई।)
2. India won in the first inning. He cut the news with Scissors and kept the clipping in his Trousers.
(भारत पहली पारी में जीता. उन्होंने समाचार को कैंची से काटा और उसकी कतरन को अपनी पतलून में रख लिया।)
3. The imagery are very beautiful in the Poetry of Keats.
कीट्स की कविता में चित्रित चित्र बहुत सुंदर हैं।
4. In commmunist countries wages earners (वेतनभोगी) are given great importance. They are given a good premises (स्थान) to live in.
साम्यवादी देशों में वेतनभोगी को बहुत महत्व दिया जाता है। उन्हें रहने के लिए एक अच्छा स्थान दिया जाता है।
5. He give me advice to see scenery (नजारे) of Kashmir.
उन्होंने मुझे कश्मीर के नजारे देखने की सलाह दी.
6. The information that this firm supply good furniture and stationery proved wrong.
(यह जानकारी कि यह फर्म अच्छे फर्नीचर और स्टेशनरी सप्लाई करती है, गलत साबित हुई।)
7. There was a quarrel among the sons on the effects left by their late father. it told upon their morals. (नैतिकता) The uncle took great Exercise to settle the matter.
दिवंगत पिता द्वारा छोड़े गए प्रभाव को लेकर पुत्रों में झगड़ा होता रहता है। यह उनकी नैतिकता पर पुराना है। चाचा को मामले को निपटाने में बहुत कष्ट उठाना पड़ा।
8. Mohan is playing billiards.
मोहन बिलियर्ड्स खेल रहा है।
9. She gave her advice.
उसने उसको सलाह दी।
10. These children are Sonam's offspring.
(ये बच्चे सोनम की संतान हैं।)
11. Gopal's five year old
(गोपाल का बेटा पांच साल का है।)
12. Dinesh gave me information about Kishore.
दिनेश ने किशोर के बारे में सूचना दी।
13. Many people have fallen a prey to Cholera
बहुत सारे लोगों ने चोलेरा को प्रार्थना की है
14. Murari doesn't like vegetable.
मुरारी को सब्जियां पसंद नहीं है।
15. They left their luggage at the railway station.
____________________________________________
Exercise 1.2
1. My daughter in law who are in Agra have come to visit us.
2. Running s five, star hotel need much more money them what we have in our account.
3. Some south indian mangoes are sold in the ,North too. Some south indian heroes are also popular.
4. The Loaves she gave me were stale. I have them to calves
5. The thieves took away all things that were kept on the shelves. They cut many things into halves with knieves.
6. She had no real brother. When her two mother-in -law her she went to the house of her brothers. There she had two stepmother.
7. The doctors have tried many formulas to kill the harmful bacilli. For stimuli they prescribe viamins.
8. The teacher drew two redii in the circle.
9. The univercity has changed the curricula of many subjects.
10. The students drew their own hypotheses and included them in their synopse. There are no criteria for such phenomenons.
(विद्यार्थियों ने अपनी-अपनी परिकल्पनाएँ बनाईं और उन्हें अपने सारांश में शामिल किया। ऐसी घटना के लिए कोई मानदंड नहीं हैं।)
_____________________________________________
Exercise 1.3
Give the correct number "Is" or "are" in the following:
1. The news he has received is good.
2. Where is the money?
3. His trousers are worn out.
4. Mathematics is my poorest subject.
5. Riches are sought after by all
6. Our furniture is getting old.
7. This pair of scissors is not sharp.
8. Fish are not cheap today.
9. The number of newspapers is increasing.
10. The sheep is/are grazing in the field.
4.Common
From Italian:
Madame
Monsieur
From Latin:
Errata
Indexes
Radi
Formulas
Memoranda
Synopsis
Thesrs
Candelabra
Phenomena
Aganda
Data
Strata
Medium
Vertebrae
From Italian:
Madames
Monsieurs
From French:
Cheru
Seraph
From English Pattern
Focus
Fungus
Terminus
Radius
Syllabus
Automation
Aquarium
Curriculum
Parenthesis
Hypothesis
Phenomenon
Criterion
From French:
Cherubs
Seraphs
From English Pattern
Focuses
Funguses
Terminusrs
Radiuses
Syllabuses
Automations
Aquariums
Curriculums
Parentheses
Hypotheses
Phenomena
Criteria
Alumnus
Bacillus
Locus
Stimulus
Diagnosis
Ellipsis
Oasis
Gymnasium
Criterion
Sanatorium
Symposium
Dogma
From Greek:
Axis
Crisis
Basis
Analysis
Alumni
Bacilli
Lici
Stimuli
Diagnoses
Ellipses
Oases
Gymnasiums
Criterions
Sanatoriums
Symposiums
Dogmas
From Greek:
Axes
Crises
Bases
Analyses
(13) कुछ noun Compound Noun जैसे दिखाई देते हैं पर उन्हें One word ही माना जाता है। अतः उनका plural इस प्रकार बनना चाहिए।
Spoonfuls (nonspoonful)
Handfuls (non handsful)
Spoonfuls of medicine.
Handfuls of grains
Cupfuls (Non cupful)
Glassful (non glassfuls coffee.
Cupfuls of tea
Glassful cupfuls coffee
(14) कुछ Nouns के plural तथा Singular एक से होते हैं।
Sheep
Grouse
Trout
Pice
Common
Spices
Cod
Sheep
Grouse
Trout
Pice
Common
Spices
Cod
Examples :
A series of lecture was delivered.
There are eighty fish in this pond.
This species of sparrow is very rare.
There are many species of birds in this zoo.
Exercise 1.2 (f or fe => es) (f=>v)
My daughters in law who are in Agra have come to visit us.
मेरी बहुएं जो आगरा में हैं हमसे मिलने आई हैं।
Running the five, star hotel needs much more money than what we have in our account.
फाइव, स्टार होटल को चलाने के लिए हमारे खाते में जितने पैसे हैं, उससे कहीं ज्यादा पैसे की जरूरत है।
Some South Indian mangoes are sold in the North too. Some South Indian heroes are also popular.
कुछ दक्षिण भारतीय आम उत्तर में भी बेचे जाते हैं। कुछ दक्षिण भारतीय नायक भी लोकप्रिय हैं।
The Loaves she gave me were stale. I gave them to the calves.
उसने मुझे जो रोटियाँ दीं, वे बासी थीं। मैंने उन्हें बछड़ों को दे दिया।
The thieves took away all things that were kept on the shelves.
चोरों ने अलमारियों में रखा सारा सामान ले लिया।
She had no real brother. When her two mothers in law teased her she went to the house of her brothers. There she had two step mothers.
उसका कोई सगा भाई नहीं था। जब उसकी दोनों सासों ने उसे चिढ़ाया तो वह अपने भाइयों के घर चली गई। वहाँ उसकी दो सौतेली माँएँ थीं।
The doctor have tried many formulae to kill the harmful bacilli, For stimuli they prescribe vitamins.
डॉक्टर ने हानिकारक जीवाणुओं को मारने के लिए कई फार्मूले आजमाए हैं, उत्तेजना के लिए वे विटामिन लिखते हैं।
The teacher drew two radii in the curricula.
शिक्षक ने पाठ्यचर्या में दो चित्रो को खींचीं।
The university drew their own htpotheses and included them in their synopsis There are no criterion for sich phenomenon
विश्वविद्यालय ने अपने स्वयं के htpotheses को आकर्षित किया और उन्हें अपने सारांश में शामिल किया सिच घटना के लिए कोई मानदंड नहीं हैं
Lodgings
Savings
Victuals
Fetters
Nuptials
पैंट
माध्य
जीन्
EXERCISE 1.4.
Sense of the noun
Chicken-pox
Neither-nor
Trousers
Forty rupees
Statistics
Verb-Singular/Plural
Is-Singular
Has- Singlar
Are-Plural
Is-Singular
Is-Singular
The summons
As well as
The jury
The poor
Scissors
Have-Plural
Is-Singular
Have-Plural
Deserve-Plural
Are- Plural
EXERCISE 1.5
Choose the correct alternative and fill in the blanks in the following sentences:
Sheep live in flocks.
He is suffering from measles.
Where are my spectacles kept?
His hair are grey.
A building made of brick and stone.
The Commanders-in-chief (D)attended the meeting.
A five-rupee © note was found by me on the road.
Rahul studied in a boys' school
She was very helpful, She gave me some very useful advice.
These five children are her offspring. (वंशज)
She has learnt the alphabet by heart.
The audience highly applauded the presentation of the play.
It's undesirable (आवंशनिय/हानिकारक) to carry heavy luggage in this old age.
Romantic poetry is subjective in nature.
My sister-in-law is appearing for High School examination.
(1,) Some important Rule Related to Nouns.
[Singular Noun + Preposition + Singular Noun (Same) ]
Day by day
Day after day
Row upon row
(2) Ten rupees, Ten Miles +Noun] => [Ten rupee, Ten mile.]
Examples:
Ten rupees have been spent. But.
I have a ten rupee note
He had a five mile walk (n.) yesterday
(3) No changeable Singular and Plural Nouns
Series, Species, Sheep, Deer, Fish, but,
Fishes (Variety of fish)
(4) if dozen, hundred, thousand, million + (one, two, three, etc) =Similar form.
Not to be Plural form: dozens, hundreds, etc. Without 'of'
Examples:
Five dozen eggs have been bought.(√) Five dozens. (X)
[Indefinite Number => Plural form]
Dozens of eggs. (√)
Hundreds of students. Similarly
In hundreds in thousands, in Dozens (√)
(5) Advice, machinery, soap, apparatus, furniture, and information, language, luggage, baggage, breakage, drapery, imagery, poetry, dust, etc. => Uncountable Nouns. Not Plural, not article (a, an) plus
Examples:
He gave me lots of (many places of) advice.
Radha sold her furniture.
Rajesh sold some furniture.
Rajesh's friend bought some places of furniture.
Please give me all information about the accident
(6) Bread is an uncountable noun. If countable sense then 'A piece of bread,' a lot of loaves'
Examples:
He got two loaves of bread.
He eats bread/a loaf of bread.
(7) Place means स्थान whereas room means कमरा व जगह (space) दोनों होता है।
There is not a room for us in the car.
(8) Poetry is an uncountable noun. For a poem is Countable noun.
It's a nice piece of poetry. (Uncountable
It's a nice poem. (Countable)
(9) Cardboard, Education, Equipment, and Go are uncountable Nouns.
A lot of food is used for बहुत खाना/बहुत भोजन ;
They need some cardboard for this.
They need some pieces of cardboard for this.
His sons need some education.
I need some new equipment.
I took some food to eat.
I too a lot of food to eat.
(10) Scene countable and Scenery uncountable is:
Let's see–
The scenery around here is beautiful.
This is a beautiful scene. (बेहद खूबसूरत नजारा, दर्शय)
This is a beautiful place of scenery.
(11) Five-year-old boy, Six- month-old girl, Three-week-old-friend, Two-day-old baby etc are written.
Though year/month/week/day with (s) not be used.
But Six years old, five weeks old are written.
A five-dollar bill, A four-foot ladder, A six-mile walk, A ten-minute conversation, A two-hour exam, etc.
(12) Another Singular; with 'another' is not to be used Singular Noun whisht 'other' is plural noun.
Let's see:-
They live in another town. (Singular)
Have you got another letter? (Singular)
Have you got other letters? (Plural)
(13) Noun/Pronoun is always Singular after come to be 'Each'.
Though Everything, Everybody, and Everyone is always Singular.
Let's see:-
Each house is white.
They help each other.
Each wanted a novel for himself.
Everything is ready.
Everybody was there.
Everyone has a pen.
But, If (One, Each, Everybody, Everyone, etc). Is after comes use (of) then Noun /Pronoun is Always Plural.
Each of the students has gone. (विद्यार्थियों में से हर एक)
Each of the players had gone. (खिलाड़ियों में से हर एक
One of the most intelligent boys. (सबसे बुद्धिमान लड़कों में से एक
(14) Nonsense, Weather, and progress uncountable nouns, that before not to be (a/an) used,
But A piece of nonsense, a spell of weather (a/an) is used.
That ways sometimes 'Knowledge' and magic are uncountable nouns, So, before that neither used (a) and nor add (s) is made Plural. But knowledge sometimes (a) is used.
Let's see:-
Knowledge is power (Learning)
He has a knowledge of the truth, (Information)
He has a good knowledge of English/London. (Information)
By means of books knowledge is spread.
I saw magic yesterday
It's nice weather.
What nonsense to have a picnic today
(15) A Lot off / Lots of / Plenty of ; (बहुत सारा) after using Plural Countable Noun/Uncountable Noun are used.
Let's See:-
There are a lot of people in the meeting.
A lot of pens and books are on the table.
There is a lot of money in his pocket.
He saw a lot of films in his students life.
Whereas 'One of' + Plural Noun (Singular, because actually subject is One)
Singular:
Teaching English is one of my tasks.
One of his brothers is a typist.(उसके भाइयों में से एक)
One of the boys was ill.
One of the pens has no ink
(16) Pictures means Cinema. When this word is always Plural Noun.
'Surroundings' Plural. (परिवेश)
Thus high/low/good+spirits = Plural (Always)
Spirits means "mood"
Let's see:
Payal and Shanky went to the pictures to see 'English Vinglish'.
Our surroundings were pleasant.
There are in high spirits today.
(17) Now-a-days => [आजकल] / Sometimes => [कभी कभी] / Whereabouts=> [पता ठिकाना]
Now-a-days, the cities are very crowded.
Sometimes, I take milk for breakfast.
His whereabouts is /are still unknown.
Now-a-days, children prefer TV to radio.
But:
See me some time tomorrow.
(18) Two-thirds, Thanks, orders, (Commands given with authority),
Alms, (भीख) Glasses, Assets, (सम्पति) Scales, तराजू) Vegetables, Eatables, Bowels, (आंत)
Fetters (हथकड़ी) Credentials (परिचय पत्र), Pants, Pyjamas, Shirts, Moveables, Ashes,
(From the fire, Cigarette ash) always in are used Plural Noun.
These as noun shouldn't remove (S or ES) for use Singular the same meaning. As:
Asset means when 'quality' then it uses also in Singular.
Good health is a great asset
Beauty is Sita's only asset.
(19) Collective Nouns: As- (A group (of things)
Generally are singular.
Let's see:
A crowd (of people),
A herd (of cattle)
A flock (of sheep)
A regiment (of soldiers)
A congregation (of worshippers (भजन मंडली)
A group of people was in the meeting.
A herd of cattle was stolen yesterday
A flock of sheep is grazing.
A team of cricket players is there
A crowd of girls is in the playground
(20) In English is some as Collective Nouns (group nouns)
According to the Form Singular, but according to the meaning Plural..
So obviously with nouns according to those are used Singular /Plural verb.
Let's see,
The Public/Audience was/were enjoying the Magic Show
The Committee has/have considered your request.
The vast Majority of Students need/needs financial support at present.
The Government has/have broken its/ their promise.
But when The Group is considered as a single undivided body.
then Singular Verb is used with it. Let's see:
The public consists of you and me.(शामिल)
The Audience was enormous. (एकमत)
My Company is opening a new factory
But, If the members above Collective noun these are sense then they are considered the Plural
Let's see,
The Team was strong. (Singular)
The Team were fighting among themselves
Group were plural if divided their statements
Group were Singular if united it's opinion
(21) Goods, Premises (आहाता), People, Police, Riches, Scissors, Shears, Trousers Etc. are always used in Plural Form.
And Plural Verb only with their. Let's see:-
(21) I The goods were sent to your house. (Plural)
These premises look very big. (Plural)
The police were sent to the hospital. (Plural
But, when these before (pair of…) addition
(A pair of shoes/Shears/Scissors/gloves{trousers.)then those considered the Singular
That pair of shoes is of Ram.
This pair of gloves belongs to him. (whereas)
His shoes were clean.
His trousers were torn
(22) After (A lot of / Plenty of / A great deal of / Most of / Some of, Uncountable Noun always is used in Singular Form and Plural Form In a Countable Noun is used. Let's see:-
He has plenty of rice.
Rakesh has plenty of opportunity.
Most of the boys are ill.
Most of the sigar is sold.
(23) I. People, Cattle, Police, Gentry, Peasantry, Nobility, Poultry, Electorate, Riches and Sheep always uses in Plural Verb while disease names such as: Measles, Mumps and Diabetes are considered 'Singular'.
The cattle were grazing in the field.
Ramji has five sheep.
Measles is a serious disease.
II. Tools, OR Instrument : Bellows, Fetters, Pincers, Tongs, Arms etc.
III Articles of Dress : Trousers, Trappings, Pants, Patloom Pyjamas, etc.
(24) With After this only, When Mathematics, Politics, Physics. Economics, Ethics, Dynamics, Classics, Phonetics, Linguistics, etc. are used in the form of any subject.
But, when these use in Plural meaning then it's these qualitie sense and generally these before adding (his/the/such).
Physics/Mathematics is a difficult subject.
भौतिकी/गणित एक कठिन विषय है।
Politics has no attraction for his family.
उनके परिवार के लिए राजनीति का कोई आकर्षण नहीं है।
A Person's ethics/politics are his own affair.
एक व्यक्ति की नैतिकता/राजनीति उसका अपना मामला है।
The economics of the country have yet to be improved
देश की अर्थव्यवस्था में अभी सुधार होना बाकी है।
Some Nouns in these ending (s) => (es) they are used with Singular Verb.
(I) Games & Supports : Billboards, Draughts, Gymnastics, Athletes, Darts, etc.
(II) Titles of Books : Arabon Nights, War and Peace, Three Musketeers, Gulliver's, Travels, Tales From Shakespeare etc.
(III) Descriptive Names of Countries : United States, United Arab Emirates, New South Wales, Persian Gulf State etc.
Summons, Gallows.
When 'Statistics' is used the form of Subject then Singular Verb and 'Collection of Data' 's point then Plural Verb is used.
1 Statistics is his favorite study.
-But-
2 Official statistics show real wage declining by 25%.
(25) Abstract Noun 's not to be Plural. When such words are showed in use Plural then in facts those likevCommon Noun.
Such as, Provocation's, instances or cases; Kindnesses-acts of kindness.
EXERCISE 1.6.
Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct opinion give below, :
1, I must help him. After all. We are brothers of same profession.
2. Has he Agenda for tomorrow's meeting been drawn up?
3. All the Topazs were sold. You are too late to buy them.
4. Heavy decoration and lighting was displayed on all the Church's of the city on evening of Christmas
5. To prevent yourself from Mosquitoes use 'good night mat
6. His heart is full of hatred.
7. At night, I read the story of ten little Dwarfs and saw all of them in my dream.
8.
The word Noun means --A Name,
Clearly Nouns are Naming words, They Name, Persons, Places, Animals, things, Quality, States, Actions, Feelings, etc.
They may be used as Subject, Objects, or Compliments in Sentences.
Let's study them in details ;
A, Read these sentences and observe the words in bold type :
Anil is a cunning boy.
My mother is an old lady.
Mohan and Mala are friends
Anita's brother is a doctor.
The Postman brought me a letter.
Mr. Johan is an able teacher.
All the words in bold type are name of Persons.
B, Read these sentences and observe the word in bold type :
Our school is near the bus-stop.
Kolkata is a very large city.
Lions and tigers are live in forests.
Your house is on the road-side.
Paris is the capital of France.
The river flows through a narrow valley.
All the words in bold type are name of Places
C, Read these sentenced and observe the words in bold type :
Cows live on in grass.
Tigers and lions kill deer and hares.
The sheep is a meek animals.
Mrs. Dass keeps hens and ducks.
The eagle is a king of birds.
All the words in bold type are name of Animals
D. Read these sentences and observe the words in bold type :
My books are on the table.
The pen is in the inkpot.
Picture and the chart are hanging on the wall.
She is bought a Ribbon and a hairpin.
The hawker is selling mangoes and melons.
All the words in bold type are names of Things.
E. Read these sentences and observe the words in bold type :
Honesty pays in the long run.
We must treat animals with kindness.
An elephants has immense strength.
Patience is so dear to God.(भगवान को धैर्य बहुत प्रिय है।)
Beauty can not be made
All the words in bold type are names of Quality.
F Read these sentences and observe in the word in bold type
Prosperity attacks friends.समृद्धि दोस्तों पर हमला करती है।
Happiness consists in contentment. खुशी संतोष में निहित है।
Slavery is a big cures गुलामी एक बहुत बड़ा अभिशाप है
Freedom is a great blessing indeed.स्वतंत्रता वास्तव में एक महान वरदान है
All the words in bold type are names of States.
G. Read these sentences and observe the word in the bold type
(a) The here and the tortoise have a Race. खरगोश और कछुआ की एक दौड़ है।
(b) Late sings very sweets Songs.
© The baby enjoyed a sound sleep.
(d) She has a graceful gait.
All the words in bold type are names of Actions.
H. Read these sentences and observe the words in bold type
I have Sympathy with you.
Sorrow must be shared दुख बांटना चाहिए
Joy is also short-lived.
His behaviour put me in wonder.
All the words in bold type are named of Feelings.
All these various types of naming words are called NOUNS.
A noun in the name of a person, place, animal, thing, quality, action States, feeling etc.
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